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UL-94 UL 94, IEC 60695-11-10, ISO 9770, ASTM D635

UL-94 UL 94, IEC 60695-11-10, ISO 9770, ASTM D635

UL 94 Chamber (Horizontal Vertical Flame Chamber)

Compliance

UL94, IEC 60695-11-10, IEC 60695-11-20, IEC 60707, ISO 1210, ISO 9772, ISO 9773, ASTM D635, ASTM D3801 ASTM D4804, ASTM D4986, ASTM D5048

UL 94 / Horizontal–Vertical Flame Chamber — Revised Specification

1) Referenced Standards (harmonized & current)

  • UL 94 (HB; V-0/V-1/V-2; 5VA/5VB). UL 94 vertical 50 W is equivalent to ASTM D3801 and IEC 60695-11-10; 5V uses a 500 W flame similar to IEC 60695-11-20.
  • IEC 60695-11-10 — Test flames: 50 W horizontal & vertical flame test methods. Supersedes ISO 1210.
  • IEC 60695-11-20 — Test flames: 500 W flame test methods (for 5V classifications).
  • IEC 60707 — Legacy list/overview of flame tests; commonly referenced alongside UL 94/IEC 60695 and ISO 9772/9773 in harmonization notes. (Withdrawn in some catalogs but still cited historically.)
  • ISO 9772 — Cellular plastics, horizontal burning (latest edition 2020).
  • ISO 9773 — Vertical burning of thin flexible sheets/films (latest EN ISO 9773:2024).
  • ASTM D3801 — 20 mm (50 W) vertical burning test (equivalent to UL 94 V-0/V-1/V-2; IEC 60695-11-10 Method B).
  • ASTM D635 — Rate/extent of burning in horizontal position (HB-type screening).
  • ASTM D4804 — Thin flexible plastics (VTM-type screening; complementary to UL 94 VTM).
  • ASTM D4986 / ASTM D5048 — Additional small-flame/through-burn screening referenced in D3801 notes.

 Correction: The burner specification should reference ASTM D5025, not “ASTM D5207”. D5025 defines the lab burner geometry/tubes for 20–125 mm flames using methane/propane/butane.


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2) Chamber & Construction

  • Chamber volume: ~0.75 m³ compact benchtop cabinet (≥0.5 m³ acceptable for UL 94 per industry norms). Interior finished in matte black for contrast.
  • Viewing & access: Full-opening tempered-glass door and side windows for safe observation and easy specimen installation.
  • Fume extraction: Roof-mounted exhaust with adjustable draw to clear combustion gases post-test without disturbing the flame during exposure.
  • Lighting: Low-glare LED task lighting to observe flame front and afterglow.

3) Burners & Flame Sources

  • Primary burner (50 W / 20 mm) per IEC 60695-11-10 and ASTM D5025; includes precision air-mixing tube for stable 20 mm flame height.
  • Secondary burner (500 W / 125 mm) kit for UL 94 5V and IEC 60695-11-20, with the longer tube/nozzle to generate the 125 mm flame.
  • Sliding burner carriage with 0°, 20°, 45° angle settings and smooth depth travel; quick-index stops for repeatable impingement.
  • Flame height gauges for 20 mm and 125 mm, stainless steel, permanently etched scale.
  • Copper-block calorimetry kit for confirmatory checks of test-flame heat output (per IEC technical guidance on small-flame characterization).

4) Gas Supply & Control

  • Fuel gases: Methane (preferred), propane or butane compatible per ASTM D5025.
  • Mass-flow control: High-stability mass flow controller (MFC) for fuel; digital set/readback (sccm/slpm) with ±1% FS accuracy; pressure regulator and 0–60 psi gauge upstream.
  • Pilot/ignition: Piezo/electric igniter with safety interlock; flame failure cut-off.
  • Readouts: Digital display of flow and downstream pressure.

5) Instrumentation & Timing

  • Remote test console with start/stop and event timers (flame application, afterflame, afterglow) to 0.1 s resolution.
  • Thermocouple: Type K, 0.5 mm MI-cable for flame temperature confirmation and calibration checks; 0.1 °C resolution logging.
  • Data capture: USB/Ethernet for CSV export of timings, flow, and operator notes.

6) Specimen Fixtures & Accessories

  • Horizontal (HB / ISO 9772) fixture: adjustable 0–13 mm thickness, 125×13 mm bar support with ruler for burning length.
  • Vertical (V-0/V-1/V-2 / ASTM D3801 / IEC 60695-11-10) fixture with cotton indicator tray at 300 mm offset.
  • Thin materials (VTM / ISO 9773) clamp set for films and flexible sheets.
  • 5V plaque/burn-through kit (square plate support) for UL 94-5VA/5VB and IEC 60695-11-20 burn-through assessment.
  • All specimen holders in brushed stainless steel; quick-change design.

7) Safety & Utilities

  • Door, gas-pressure, and flame-presence interlocks; emergency gas dump valve.
  • Spark-proof internal fan and sealed lighting; over-temp alarm in exhaust path.
  • CO/CO? clearance reminder routine (post-test timed purge).

8) What’s Included (standard supply)

  1. Benchtop cabinet (~0.75 m³) with matte-black interior & glazed door.
  2. 50 W burner assembly (20 mm flame) + flame-height gauge.
  3. 500 W burner assembly (125 mm flame) + flame-height gauge (for UL 94 5V / IEC 60695-11-20).
  4. Sliding burner carriage with 0°/20°/45° detents.
  5. MFC-based gas panel with regulator & gauges; ignition and safety interlocks.
  6. Remote timer console (0.1 s), Type-K 0.5 mm TC with readout.
  7. Horizontal, vertical, VTM, and 5V plaque fixtures (SS).
  8. Copper-block confirmatory kit for flame output checks (per IEC small-flame guidance).
  9. Exhaust hood/duct stub with variable draft control.
  10. Starter set of cotton indicators, rulers, and templates.

9) Notes on Equivalences & Status (helpful for tenders)

  • ASTM D3801 ↔ UL 94 (V-0/V-1/V-2) ↔ IEC 60695-11-10 (Method B) are technically equivalent for 20 mm (50 W) vertical testing.
  • ISO 1210 is withdrawn; replaced by IEC 60695-11-10. Please retain ISO 1210 only as a historical reference in bid docs.
  • IEC 60707 is frequently cited in harmonization statements with UL 94 / IEC 60695 / ISO 9772/9773; many national adoptions list it as withdrawn, so reference with care.
  • ASTM D5025 is the correct burner apparatus reference (not D5207).

10) Optional Upgrades

  • Dual-channel anemometer kit for in-chamber airflow mapping during method development.
  • Camera package (HD + timestamp overlay) for evidence capture.
  • Methane certification cylinder and regulator set for method verification.
  • Accreditation pack: IQ/OQ/PQ templates + calibration certificates traceable to national standards for timers, MFC, pressure, thermocouple.